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Growing with Mathematics® Grade 5

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Building Concepts Multiplication, reasoning, equivalence, and computational fluency continue to be central themes at the fifth-grade level. The focus in the area of number and operations is on fractional numbers. Important... See more » Building Concepts Multiplication, reasoning, equivalence, and computational fluency continue to be central themes at the fifth-grade level. The focus in the area of number and operations is on fractional numbers. Important concepts such as ratio, proportional reasoning, and percents are introduced in a meaningful way at the fifth-grade level. There is a continued focus on developing number sense and fluency with adding, subtracting, multiplying, and dividing whole numbers. Facts and Basic Skills At the fifth-grade level, students continue to develop fluency and improve their skill using the multiplication and division algorithms as they solve a wide variety of problems involving averages, rates, ratios, unit process, and formulas. In grade five, students develop a strong conceptual understanding of operations with rational numbers. Equivalence is also a primary focus as students investigate fractions and decimals. Mathematical Content In its document Principles and Standards for School Mathematics, the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM) has identified the mathematical content that should be part of every mathematics curriculum. The content in Growing with Mathematics incorporates all five content standards in its program for grade five. * Number and Operations At the fifth-grade level, students develop increased fluency with these algorithms. An important focus at this level is on developing understanding of fractional numbers and different ways that they can be represented. Students use visual models, benchmarks, and equivalent forms of fractions to add and subtract common fractions and decimal fractions. Understanding of the place-value structure of the base-ten number system is strengthened as students use decimal fractions to solve problems in many different contexts. Percent is another fraction topic that is introduced and explored at the fifth-grade level. * Algebra At this level, students learn to name and locate points on a grid using ordered pairs. They are also introduced to functions through exploration of patterns. As they examine the pattern, students identify a rule to describe the relationship in the pattern and then use the rule to predict other values that fit the function relationship. Pascal's triangle and the Fibonacci sequence are two other patterns that are explored at this level. In Growing with Mathematics grade five, students use letters to represent unknowns in formulas and have many experiences with equivalence, giving them a foundation for writing and solving equations in future grades. * Geometry At the fifth-grade level, students expand their explorations of two- and three-dimensional shapes to include circles, regular polygons, nonregular polygons, polyhedra, spheres, cones, and cylinders. The focus is on the properties and attributes of these shapes. Students solve problems involving perimeter, area, surface area, and volume. A new topic at this level is pi, the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter. In Growing with Mathematics at this level, students draw three-dimensional objects from various perspectives. They also continue to explore topics such as rotational symmetry, line symmetry, and transformations. * Measurement At grade five, students expand the number of measuring tools that they use. In addition to tools for linear measurement, they are introduced to the protractor to measure and draw angles and compasses to compare distances on maps to the map scale. At this level, measurement topics include sums of angles of triangles and other polygons; perimeter of rectangles; circumference of circles; area of rectangles, parallelograms, triangles, and circles; volume of regular and irregular prisms; and surface area of rectangular prisms. Also students further develop their understanding of time by exploring the Mayan calendar, time lines, time zones, and timetables. * Data Analysis and Probability At this level, students begin to look at and describe the shape and important features of a set of data. They learn to use terms to describe and analyze how the See less »

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Growing with Mathematics® Grade 5

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